Bluebook citation practice guide secondary sources represent information about the law rather than the law itself. Walker 2008 describes data collected in 1999 by miguel roig that correlates students inadequate paraphrasing to poor reading comprehension. You should use a secondary source only if you are unable to find or retrieve the original source. If the article is written by a student author, the designation of the piece see. This practice is not only confusing to nonlawyers, but also ugly. This page will give you a basic overview on citing statutes using bluebook format. Secondary sources include books, articles, encyclopedias and other nonprimary sources. Citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation rule 16. The reason this has become a problem is that the current editions of alwd and bluebook predate those three services, so there are no examples in the citation.
Bluebook citation for legal materials purdue writing lab. Articles, books and reports, listed alphabetically by author surname. Surprisingly for many researchers, the bluebook requires citations to united states publications over citations to publications from. As a general rule, do not cite secondary sources from the internet on your paper. As well as citing secondary sources in footnotes, aglc referencing requires all sources to be included in a bibliography at the end of your document. The bluepages provide easy and basic principles for common citations. This area also includes materials on evaluating research sources.
Bt2 jurisdictionspecific citation rules and style guides. Again, select the brief cite on top 49 seton hall l. This book is organized by type of resource, including books, journal articles, and online or webbased materials. There is a lot of useful material online, but there is also plenty of information of questionable value to the historian.
Citing a book with more than two authors to a specific section and an edition other than the first. In general, the bluebook requires citation to traditional printed sources when available. However, the reference list needs to include only the. Bluebook citation 101 academic format if writing a scholarly article, you will need to provide correct attribution to your sources. Such sources include dictionaries, books, single volume monographs, websites, journal articles, practice guides, and legal encyclopedias. It is always recommended to locate and cite the original source whenever possible, but there are times when the original source is unavailable e. A secondary source is a source cited within another source. This guide provides basic information on bluebook citation in the scholarly format. Upon investigating the primary source, you may find you disagree with the secondary source authors analysis or methods. Digital materials bluebook legal citation tarlton law. Citing to bloomberg law, lexis advance, and westlawnext. First, the indigo book is given to you free of charge.
Consult the blue pages, rule b12, if you are writing a brief or memo. In the text of your paper, you should mention the original source in the sentence, followed by a parenthetical citation with the secondary source s information. Secondary sources bluebook citation 101 practitioner. However, in several instances, the bluebook permits citation to the digital copy, either directly or as a parallel citation. Secondary sources citations academic guides at walden.
The indigo book offers a couple of important advantages to users, compared with the bluebook. Citing to the record firstyear law students will likely need to cite to depositions, interrogatories, or trial transcripts in the record in order to develop facts for briefs. The format differs slightly for citations that appear embedded in body of the paper and those that appear in the footnotes. In a multivolume book, the volume number is placed to the left of the authors name. Secondary sources refer to sources that report on the content of other published sources. Citations are to the 20th edition of the bluebook, a uniform system of citation. A short primer on bluebook citation formats for federal and state cases and statutes, as well as books, journals, and other secondary sources. Chicago manual of style 16th edition full note american psychological association 6th edition. Please use this resource as the guideline for citing literature you access and apply to any assignment. Cite all subsequent references to secondary sources in short form according to rule b8 and b9 or use id. For a direct quote from the secondary source that contains one or more intext citations, include the intext citations to the original source s within the quotation. These owl resources will help you conduct research using primary source methods, such as interviews and observations, and secondary source methods, such as books, journals, and the internet.
Indirect source inside a source apa style, 6th edition. A secondary source is a reference that quotes or paraphrases ideas and information from another source. Since there are no short form examples for restatements, encyclopedias and american law reports, refer to the following examples. Secondary sources the central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. Citation formats to online sources are too varied to provide meaningful examples here, so be sure to consult rule 18 carefully. This source is available in a hard copy book and online, hosted by the national library of medicine, national institutes of health.
Always consult the bluebook for additional information. Each different kind of secondary source has a slightly different set of rules for citation, which will be enumerated below. As men of law rely upon a great number of various sources, legal citation also covers the usage of signals that present citations and explain. Whenever possible, consult primary sources and your sources sources yourself. Below are some general guidelines for citing electronic media in bluebook format. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for.
These owl resources will help you use the research you have conducted in your documents. The bluebook contains rules that prescribe how to cite a variety of legal documents. Introduction to bluebooking bluebook basics libguides. You can find rule 12 in the white pages on page 120. Internet citation bluebook citation 101 practitioner. The bluebook requires citation to printed material provided it is available, unless there is an authenticated, official, or exact digital copy of the printed sources. Cite to the name of the sourcedictionary, page number if pinpoint citing, edition and year. Free in two different ways that are equally important. This page contains abbreviations for some secondary sources you will frequently use in legal research that are not included in the bluebook. For your legal research and legal writing classes you are to use the citation format used in.
If you are generically citing a specific book in a work, capitalize both elements. Bluebooking for court documents guide to legal writing. The following samples cover basic citation format for secondary sources. Citation examples use nonacademic citation format i.
Rule 15 in the bluebook explains how to properly cite a book. When you do a supra citation, you have to use the same font specifications as you did in the original citation. Secondary sources from the internet including, but not limited to wikipedia and other online encyclopedias. However, the following are rules and examples for other types of legal documents that many firstyear law students may need to cite in addition to cases and statutes. Citing a source within a source citing a secondary source is generally acceptable within academic writing as long as these citations are kept to a minimum. Secondary sources harvard referencing style libguides. You may use these abbreviations whenever citing one of these sources for any legal research classes offered at akron law. The writing center explains how and when it is appropriate to cite secondary sources. Research and citation resources purdue writing lab. At the nations oldest roman catholic law school, notre dame law school encourages students of diverse backgrounds to broaden their social, spiritual, and personal lives while honing their intellectual and professional skills to serve the good of all. Bluebook format for citing secondary sources citation of books the bluebook has a really strange format for citing books that is a radical departure from scholarly practice in other fields. Books go in the first section of the bibliography i. Cite to the name of the source dictionary, page number if pinpoint citing, edition and year.
Fongs 1987 study cited in bertram 1997 found that older students memory can be as good as that of young people, but this depends on how memory is tested. How do i cite a secondary source a quote within a quote. There are too many rules for this introductory guide to cover. Considering that the uniform system of citation has become a basic piece of infrastructure for. A secondary source is a source that cites some other work that you discuss in your text. Scan your paper for grammar mistakes and catch unintentional plagiarism. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations.
How to cite secondary sources in apa format pen and the pad. The bluebook style guide is used in the american legal profession for citation of all relevant sources. Commonly used massachusetts secondary sources rule 15. Additionally, the chicago manual of style recommends its use for all citation of legal material. The whitepages are the indepth rules of citation and style. Bertram, f 1997, the tragedy of youth, 2nd edn, macmillan, new york. One of the keys to citing statutes properly is knowing where to find the proper legal citation abbreviations. Once you click on copy with reference alwd you will get a legal citation for that article. If the article is written by a student author, the designation of the piece see r. Do not include fong 1987 in your reference list but do include bertram 1997. Citing an entire book with one author, no specific page, or section. The secondary source information is highlighted in yellow.